高考
高考英语知识点总结
发布时间：2019-11-08 17:15:01 点击：
search;search for; look for (1)search指“搜查某地或搜身”，其宾语可以是房屋、人身、衣袋等名词。如： They searched their homes without any reason.他们毫无理由地搜查了他们的家。 They searched him but found nothing.他们搜了他的身，但没有找到什么。 (2)search for 则指“搜寻、搜索某人或物”。如： They searched for him everywhere.他们到处搜寻他。 The police searched the wood for the lost child.警察在树林里寻找走失的孩子。 试比较：They searched his clothes.他们搜查了他的衣服。（看是否藏有东西） They searched for his clothes.他们在搜寻他的衣服。（要找到衣服） 另外，search也可用做名词，in search of “寻找、寻求”是个常见短语。如： The boys went in search of something to eat.孩子们去找东西吃。 (3)look for意为“寻找”，同search for意义大体相同。但search for 意味较强，用很大注意力搜寻。而look for则较为通俗，常用于日常用语。如: I looked for my missing pen everywhere.我到处找我丢失的那支笔。 see…off 为…送行。 ① Is anybody seeing you off ?有人送你吗？ ②Tomorrdow I must go to the airport to see my brother off .明天我得到机场为我哥哥送行。 see sb. doing sth . 看到某人正在做某事（看到动作的一部分。） see sb. do sth . 看到某人做过某事（看到了动作的全过程。） ①I saw him crossing the treet.我看到他正在过马路。 ②I saw him cross the street.我看到他过了马路。 当用到不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式不带to .但在被动句中不定式须带to 。 He was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.人们看到他突然从树上掉了下来。 send out 发出；放出 Some unknown flowers in the garden send out nice smell. 花园里有些不知名的花发出香味。 The sun sends out light and heat.太阳发光发热。 send构成的其他词组： Send away 撵走；开除；解雇 send for派人去叫（请） send up发射 Sense make sense讲得通；很有意义 This sentence doesn’t make any sense. sentence 短语归纳 sentence用作名词或动词，有“宣判，判决”之意。如:pass sentence on sb.判某人的刑；announce sentence on sb.宣布对某人的判决；serve one’s sentence服刑；be sentenced to hard labour被判服苦役；be sentenced to six months in prisom被判处六个月监禁；be under the sentence of death/be sentenced to death被判处死刑；have sb. sentenced to death判某人死刑；sentence sb. to death判某人死刑；receive a sentence of two years 被判两年徒刑。 [应用]完成句子 ①一个凶手被判三年徒刑，另一个被判处死刑。 One murderer was______ ______ three years in prison and the other was sentenced_______ _________ . ②那小偷被判5年监禁。 The thief_______a sentence _______ 5 years in prison. Key:①sentenced, to, to, death ②received, of separate (1)adj. 独自的、独立的、分别为不同的、各自的、分离的、分开的。 My little son wants a separate room. 我小儿子想要个单词。 I want to listen to your separate opinions.我想听你们每个人自己的看法。 (2) t. ; vi. 使分开；分离；隔开。常与from 搭配。 Separate the bad apples from the good ones.把坏苹果和好的分开。 England is separated from France by the Channel.英吉利海峡把英国和法国分隔开。 We talked until midnight and then separated.我们一直谈到半夜，然后才分手。 Nobody can separate Taiwan from China.任何人也不能把台湾从中国分裂出去。 set off (for)出发，动身（去某地） set off 引爆 set out to do sth.着手…… n. set about+ doing开始（着手）做…… ①We’ll set off fox Xi’an at six tomorrow. ②Polonium is used to set off a nuclear bomb. ③He set out to break the record for the crosschannel swim.④I don’t know how to set about this job. shoot sb./sth;shoot at sb./sth. 在shoot sb./sth.中，shoot为及物动词，除了shoot the arrow(射箭)外，其宾语多为射击的对象，即人或动物等。Shoot意为“打中、打死、枪决”。而在shoot at sb./sth.中，shoot为不及物动词,at表示动作的方向或目标，打中与否不得而知。试比较： Ｈe shoot the bear.他打中了那只熊。 Ｈe shoot at the bear.他朝那只熊射击。 show off 该短语动词意为“炫耀”，而show sb./sth.off意为“显示……的优点”。如： He is a man who is always showing off. 由show 构成的短语动词有： show up出现/出席，显眼 show…over/round带……参观 show…in领……进入；show…out领/送……出去 如：Only three of the people we invited to the party didn’t show up. sign 1)用作名词：traffic signs交通标志；road signs 路标； signs for the rest rooms厕所标志：signs of heart trouble 心脏病的迹象，signs of rain/earthquake下雨/地震的预兆。 2）用作动词，表示“签名，作手势”。如：sign one’s name签名；sign the agreement 签署协议；sign to sb.朝某人做手势；sign to sb.to do sth.做手势让某人干某事。 [应用]完成句子 ①董事长在文件上签了名。 The president_______ ______ ______to the paper. ②警察做手势叫我停下。 The policeman ________ ________ ________ _______. Key:①singed,his,name②singed,me,to,stop single, not a single single是形容词，有“单一的，单个的，单身的，唯一的”意义；not a single表示“一个也没有”，起强调作用，位于句首时引起倒装。如：remain single尚未成婚；the single person唯一的人；a single bed/ticket/man/room单人床/单程票/独身男子/单人房间 He didn’t make a single mistake in the exam./Not a single mistake did he make in the exam.他在考试中没出一处错误。 [应用]汉译英 ①今天上午这个商店里一个人也没有。 ②他是能帮助我们的唯一的人。 Key: ①Not a single person has been in the shop this morning. ②He’s the single person that can help us. so far迄今为止；到现在为止。通常用现在完成时连用，so far可置于句首、句中或句末。 ①So far we have learned English for six years.到今年我们已经学了6年英语了。 ②Your work has been good so far this year.今年迄今为止你的工作很出色。 ③ We haven’t heard from Tom so far.至今我们还没收到汤姆的来信。 6．the + 比较级，the + 比较级越……，就越……。 ①The busier he is ,the happier he feels。越忙他越高兴。 ②The harder you work, the greater progress you’ll make.你学习越努力，取得的进步就越大。 ③The more hppily we live,the more we realize how much we owe to the Party。我们过得越幸福，就会更加认识到共产党的恩情。 ④The more I hear, the more I laugh.越听我笑得越厉害。 so,neither,norr 若表示另外一人也如何如何，则采用倒装形式，把系列动词，情态动词，助动词等提到主语之前；若主语为同一人，表示其就是如何，是系动词等不用提前。 若句子为否定句，则用neither, nor ,如： I don’t know, nor do I care .我不知道，也不关心。 若前句既有肯定又有否定，或并列谓语形式不一致，则采用so it is with……，或It is the same with……的结构，如： —— He is writer and has written a lot of works . —— So it is with me. ( 或It is the same with me) 此时说明我也是作家，也写了很多作品。若用so am I 只能说明我是作家。若用so have I 只能说明我也写了很多作品。再如： —— He is good at English, but doesn’t do well in maths. —— It is the same with me .( 或So it is with me ) 若用So am I 或 Nor do I 则只能分别说明其中一个方面。 so that 以便于；目的是为了。相当于in order that,引导目的状语从句。从句中常带有may/might;can/could;will/would/should等情态动词 ①He got up early so that he might catch the first bus.他早起为的是赶上第一班车。 ②I put on my glasses so that I could see more clearly.我戴上眼镜为的是看得清楚点。 ③He spoke loud so that everyone could hear him.他大声说是为了让大家都能听到。 以上各句中的so that均可用in order that代替。 当so that从句的主语与主句主语一致时，常可简化为in order to或so as to 结构。 上面的①②句可转换为： ①He got up early in order to catch the first bus. ②I put on my glasses in order to see more clearly. 上面的③句不可简化。但： He spoke loud so that he could be heard by everyone.可转换为：He spoke loud in order to be heard by everyone. 注意：in order that/in order to 表示目的时，可置于句首；so that/so as to 表示目的时不能置于句首。 so…that/such…that如此…以致于/结果……。 adj. adv. so+ adj.+a/an+n.(单数) +that many/much/few/little+n. a/an+adj.+n.(单数) such+ n.(复数) +that n.(不可数) 例句：①This film is so moving that I want to see it again.这电影太动人了，我还想再看一遍。 ②He walked so fast that I couldn’t keep up with him.他走得太快，我跟不上。 ③This is so interesting a book such an interesting book ④The villagers were such kind people that they all came to help us.村民们都是好心人，都前来给我们帮忙。 ⑤It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk.天气这么好，我们都想出去走走。 ⑥There were so many books in the shop that he didn’t know which to buy.书店里书那么多，他都不知道买哪些。 so young a body 说明：在一个带有形容词的名词词组中，不定冠词a/an 通常放在adj.的前面。但是，如果adj.前有so, too, how,quite时，a/an应放 adj.的后面。其结构是：so/too/how/quite+adj.+a/an +n.。如： ①He is so good a student. ②It is too difficult a job for me. spend vt.花费；用。其主语为“人”，宾语为“金钱”或“时间”；后面可搭配介词“on + 名词/代词”，或“in(可以省略) + 动名词”。 使用句式为：sb. + money/time + on sth./(in)doing sth. ①They spent 2000 yuan on the TV set./They spent 2000 yuan(in)buying the TV set.他们花了2000元这台买电视机。 ②The writer spent 2 years(in) writing the novel./on the novel.这位作家花了两年时间写这部小说。 另外：“花钱”还常用以下两个句式：sb.+ pay money + for sth./sth.+cost sb.+money ①They paid 2000 yuan for the TV set. ②The TV set cost them 2000 yuan. “花时间”还常用It takes sb. some time to do sth. 句式。 It took the writer 2 years to write the novel. start with 以……开始 Today’s class starts with a question. stay link-v. 保持；维持。后面通常接形容词作表语。 ①The weather stays fine for three days. 天气好了3天了。 ②The shop stayed open till six o’clock. 这家商店营业到6点。 stick (1)vt.;vi.粘住；离不开；坚持 Einstein stuck to his theories and went on with his work.爱因斯坦坚持他的理论并继续工作下去。 （2）n.枝条；棍，手杖。 Professor Zhang walks with a stick.张教授拄着手杖走路。 2．prove vt.;vi.证明；结果是；证明是。 ①Again history proved them wrong.历史再次证明他们错了。 ②I can prove that he never tells a lie.我能证明他从不说谎。 ③The method proved(to be)highly effective.这个方法证明是非常有效的。 still 1) 用作形容词，意为“静止的，不动的，平静的”。 如：keep(stay) still保持不动；lie(stand)still躺着（站着）不 动；a still lake/evening 平静的湖/寂静的夜晚。 2)用作副词，表示“还，仍旧”，可以修饰形容词、副词比较组。如： be still busy仍然很忙;win still greater success取得更大成功。 3)辨析still,quiet,silent;still侧重“一动不动”，quiet指“安静”，无动作，无声音，无骚乱，其反义词是noisy（吵闹的、喧哗的）；silent指不出声，不说话。对比：sit still坐着不动；Be quiet,and the class will begin.请安静，马上就要开始上课了。 Hearing the answer,be was silent for a minute or more.听了回答之后，他沉默了一两分钟。 [应用]完成句子 ①他个子高，他哥哥更高。 He is tall,but his brother is _________ _________. ②我已经考虑了几个小时，但仍然不能决定。 I have been thinking for hours, but I ______can’t decide. Key:①still, talker ②still stop…from doing sth.阻止……做某事。stop也可换为prevent 或keep. ①Nothing can stop/prevent/keep us from doing that. 没有什么能阻止我们那样做 ②This is the best way to stop/prevent/keep such a thing from happening again.防止这样的事再次发生这是最好的办法。 当该句型用到动词stop或prevent时，后面的from可以省略。 I tried to stop/prevent him(from)smoking, but I failed.我试图劝他戒烟，但没成功。 但当用到动词keep时，from不能省略。因为省略后得到的是另一句型keep…doing sth.意为“使……不断地做某事”。 I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting for so long .很抱歉让你久等了。 street, highway, road, path street指位于城镇都市内，路面平整，两旁有人行道和房子的公共通道，highway,指供车辆行使的主要道路或公路，是城市间的主要通道；road指通向某一目的地的任何道路；path指只容人通行的小路，山路。 [应用]阅读下列句子，体会画线词的意思。 ①This is the point where two busy streets meet. ②They turnede off the main highway onto a winding earth road.③There is a narrow road from our village to the next one. ④Walk along the path or you may lose your way. strike A.用作及物或不及物动词 ①表示“敲、打、击”。如： The teacher truck the table whenever he was angry. 教师一生气就敲桌子。 Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。 ②表示“（钟）打点，鸣”。如： The clock has just struck twelve.十二点的钟声刚刚响过。 ③表示“打动，给……以深刻印象，迷住”。如： What struck us most was the great number of bicycles on the street. 给我们印象最深的就是街上的自行车非常多。 Visitors to Hangzhou are usually struck by the beautiful scenery.到杭州的游客常被那里的美景迷住。 I am struck by Annie’s honesty. 我被安妮的诚实所打动。 ④表示“（蛇、兽）咬，抓”。如： His cousin was said to be struck by a snake. 据说他的表姐被蛇咬伤了。 ⑤表示“罢工”。 Workers often strike in that country. 那个国家的工人经常罢工。 短语：strike at 朝……打击；strike against撞……；strike sb. on the head打某人的头。 B.用作名词： go on strike举行罢工；be on strike 在罢工 【应用】完成句子 ①他抓起一根棍子向我打来。 He seized a stick and ________ ________me . ②孩子的头撞在墙上。 The child’s head ________ _______the wall. ③售货员为提高工资而罢工。 The salesmen _______ ________ ________ for higher pay. ④铁路工人正在罢工。 The railway workers _________ _________ ________. Key:①struck,at ②struck, against ③went, on, strike ④are, on, strike struggle短语归纳 struggle可用作名词或动词，表示“斗争，奋斗，挣扎”。如：take up the struggle开始斗争；after a struggle经过战斗；through struggle通过斗争；struggle with sb.与某人搏斗；struggle against difficulties/death/illness/nature/strong winds与困难/死亡/疾病/自然界作斗争/与大风搏斗；struggle for a living/freedom为生活而挣扎/为自由而斗争；struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来。 [应用]完成句子 ①我们一路上不得不与大风搏斗。 We had to _________ ________ strong winds all the way. ②老太太挣扎着站起来，向家里走去。 The old woman _________ ________ ________ ________and struggled along the road to her home. Key:①struggle, against ②struggled, to, her, feet such as 例如；诸如。用于列举同类的人或事物。 ①Writers such as Lu Xun and Ba Jin are well-known to all.象鲁迅、巴金这样的作家是众所周知的。 ②This summer we’re going to visit some places of interest,such as the Great wall,the Summer palace and the Imperial Palace.今年夏天我们要去参观一些名胜古迹，如长城，颐和园、故宫等。 注意:and so on 等等。用于并列成分之后。 Here you can buy oil,salt,sugar,vineger and so on.在这里可以买到油、盐、糖、醋等。 suffer ①用作及物动词，意为“遭受，蒙受，受到，忍受”。如：suffer loss/pain/punishment/defeat/wrong/hardship/discouragement/disappointment/unfair/treatment/hunger遭受损失/疼痛/遭到惩罚/遭到失败/受到冤枉/忍受艰难/失去勇气/灰心丧气/受到不公正对待/挨饿。 ②用作不及物动词，意为“受痛苦、受损失，折磨，受惩罚”，与from搭配。如:suffer from headache/loss of memory/bad health患头疼/患有遗忘症/身体不好；suffer a lot from a strange illness因怪病吃了不少苦。 [应用]汉译英 ①那个城市因地震而遭到严重破坏。 ②他们在战争中遭受了巨大痛苦。 Key: ①The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake. ②They suffered a great deal in the war. suggest vt.建议；提议。有三种常用句式（但不能说suggest sb.to do sth.）。 （1）suggest sth. ①Who suggested the plan?谁提出的这项计划？ ②She suggested Shanghai for their meeting.他提议在上海会面。 （2）suggest doing sth.（不能接不定式） ①He suggested going for a swim in the river after lunch.他提议午饭后去河里游泳。 ②I suggest talking with him as soon as possible.我建议尽快和他谈。 （3）suggest than……此时的宾语从句通常用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+原形”，should可以省略。 ①I suggested (that)Jane(should)start at once.我建议简马上出发。 ②I suggested Jack not wear the sweater.我建议杰克不要穿背心。 ③We suggested he be punished.我们提议惩罚他。 注意：suggest当“表明;暗示”讲时后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 ①The smile on her face suggested she was very happy.脸上的微笑说明她很高兴。 ②His silence suggested that he didn’t agree with us.沉默不语表明他不同意我们的意见。 suggest+宾语从句 suggest 在此意为“建议”，后面的宾语从句的谓语用了虚拟语气，其结构是：should do或do,否定形式为：should not do或not do.如： I suggested that LiMing (should)be sent to the south. 我建议把李明派往南方。 I suggested that he (should)not do it today.我建议他今天先不要做。 suggest只有作“建议”解时，后面才可以跟“should(not)+动词原形”的形式，当suggest作“表明”解时不可以用此结构。如： His smile suggested that he was quite satisfied with our work.他的微笑表示他对我们的工作很满意。 同时，即使是suggest作“建议”解，在现代英语中，谓语也可以用其他形式。 I suggest that you don’t ask him home for the vacation.我建议你假期不要邀他回家去。（句中用don’t ask,而没有用should not ask或not ask） I suggest that Robert might go to Beijing and have a talk with Mr Wu.我建议罗伯特去北京同吴先生谈一谈。（句中用might go而没有用should go 或go） supply vt.供应；提供给。常用结构： supply sb. with sth./supply sth. to sb.两种结构常常可以转换。 ①The factory supplies us with some parts of the car. The factory supplies some parts of the car to us.这家工厂为我们提供一些汽车零部件。 ②The peasants supply vegetables to the city. The peasants supply the city with vegetables.农民们为城市提供疏菜。 suppose vt.认为；猜测 ①suppose n. to be ②suppose that从句 ③suppose so/not We all supposed him to be honest. 我们认为他老实。 I don’t suppose that I shall come back until eight o’clock. 我想一直要到八点钟我才返回。 —Will he come?他会回来吗？ —I suppose so.我想他会。 I suppose not./I don’t suppose so.我想他不会。 Surprise to one’s surprise表示“令人吃惊的是”，是介词短语。作结果状语或插入语，位于句首，其中one’s 指形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，surprise前也可用形容词修饰。例如： To my great surprise, he passed the English examination.令我大为吃惊的是，他的英语考试极格了。 To Mr Lin’s surprise, Miss Li alone got three gold medals.使林先生吃惊的是，李小姐一人得三块金牌。 (2)in surprise表示“吃惊地、惊奇地”，是介词短语，作程度状语，常位于谓语之后。例如： “How do you come to know it ?”Mr Zhao asked in surprise.赵先生惊奇地问：“你怎么知道的？” He shouted to us in surprise.他吃惊地向我们呼喊。 (3)by surprise表示“出其不意、趁……不防、突然”，是介词短语，作方式状语。例如： He took the dog by surprise. 他趁那条狗不防突然进行袭击。 His visit took me by surprise.他的突然来访使我感到意外 surprised adj.感到惊奇 ①be surprised to do ②be surprised at ③be surprised that从句 They were surprised to hear the news. 他们听到那个消息感到很惊讶。 He was surprised at their visit. 他对他们的来访感到惊讶。 We are surprised that she can finish all these things in such a short time. 我们对她在短时间内做完这一切感到十分惊讶。 swallow vt.吞吃；不嚼就吃下去 She swallowed the medicine with the help of some water. 她用水把药送下去了。 He just swallows his food; he is always in a hurry. 他吃饭狼吞虎咽，总是这么匆忙。 take 短语归纳 take along 带着，带在身边；take one’s place 坐某人的座位，代替某人的职位；take medicine 吃药；take steps采取步骤；take measures采取措施；take advice 接受建议；take a taxi坐出租车；take a look at 看；take a bath/walk/rest/trip洗澡/散步/休息/旅行；take away拿走; take down拿下，记录下；take back 带回，收回（话）；take off脱下（衣、鞋、帽），（飞机）起飞；take out取出；take place 发生；take the place of代替，取代；take up 开始，拿起;take a deep breath深呼吸；take one’s temperature量体温；take a photo照像;take a photograph of给……拍照；take one’(a)seat 坐下，坐好；take aim at 瞄准；take charge of 负责（管理某事或照顾某人）；take…for把……误当作；take hold of 抓住；take interest对……发生兴趣；take it easy别紧张，别过累；take notes作笔记；take notice of 注意；take office就职；take a new look on呈现新面貌；take on workers 雇佣工人；take part in参加（活动）；take pride in 为……而骄傲；take the lead带头；take trouble费劲（力）；take the side of 支持某人（方）；take a day off某一天休假，不工作；take one’s time从容行事，慢慢来；take turns轮流。take a bath:洗个澡 take a taxi:打的take off:脱去；起飞 take care of:照料take exercise:运动take away:拿走take a look:看一看take turns:轮流take one’s time:慢慢做 take a photo：拍照take one’s temperature:量休温take a bus:乘公共汽车take medicine:服药 take an interest in: 对……感兴趣take a seat:就座 take the floor：起立发言take a prize:获奖take the chair:当主席take place:发生 take hold of:握住take a rest：休息一下 take in:收容take fire：着火 take a drive：乘马车take a nap:小睡一会儿（午觉）take a shower：洗个淋浴 take a trip:旅行take a walk：散个步 [应用]完成句子。 ①你为什么不带你妈妈参加音乐会呢？ Why don’t you ________ _______ your mother__________to the concert? ②墙上的地图太旧了，取下来吧。 The map on the wall is to old. _________ _________ ________. ③对不起，我收回我刚才的话。 Sorry. I _______ _______ what I said just now. ④我把他当成我弟弟了。 I ________him _________ my younger brother. Key:①take,along②Take, it ,down③take, back④took,for take an interest in 对……感兴趣 have an interest in 对……感兴趣 lose interest in 对……失去兴趣 ①He has a great interest in stamp-collecting. ②I lost my interest in history. ③His father took no interest in him. take charge 该词组意为“掌管”，“负责”，常与of介词连用，后接宾语，与“be responsible for”同意。如： Betty took charge of all the preparations for the exhibition sales. take…for example take…as an example 以……为例 You can take it for example that he always helps the old. 你可以把他帮助老人这件事作为一个例子。 Take Peter as an example, he is brave and kind.以彼得为例，他既勇敢又善良。 take/have a look at 看一下。该动词短语比look at 更侧着于一次性动作，即“看一眼”。 Can I take/have a look at your new watch?我看一看你新买的手表好吗？ 类似的短语还有：take /have a rest /an exam/a bath等。 take on; take sth. on意为“从事”，“担任”，“承担”。如： ①He is taking on a new job. ②You’ve taken on too much. 你承担的工作太多了。 take sb. on接受挑战 如：He took Jack on at golf. take on a new look呈现新面貌 如：Our country has taken on a new look every where. take photograph of/take photograph for take photograph of 表示拍照的内容。 take photograph for 表示拍照的目的。如： He took some photographs of these beautiful flowers. 他拍了一些这些美丽的花的照片。 He took some photographs for the foreigners. 他为那些外国人拍了一些照片。 take…by surprise对……突然袭击，出乎……意料。 His parents took him quite by surprise when they suddenly appeared at the door. take turns = take in turns轮流（做某事） The two boys took turns at digging the hole. 这两个男孩轮流来挖坑。 The three men took turns to drive so one would not be too tired. 这三个人轮流开车，因此，就不会有人过于疲劳了。 take up, take down ①take up arms/guns/knives/Japanese/too much room/the whole day/the cry/the song拿起武器/拿起枪/拿起刀子/开始学日语/占太多的空间/占了整整一天的时间/喊起来/唱起来。 ②take down the old picture /what he said取下旧画/记录下他说的话。 [应用]完成句子 ①他20岁时开始写作。 He _________ _________ _________at the age of twenty. ②会议占了整个上午的时间。 The meeting_________ _________the whole morning. Key:①took, up ,writing ②took, up talk of; talk about; talk on 这组词均可以表示“谈”，但程度不同。talk of 只表示“涉及”；talk about 表示谈细节；talk on兼有议论。如： Talking of Shanghai, have you been there in summer?谈到上海，你夏天在那儿待过吗？ What are you talking about?你们在谈论什么呢？ They are talking on the book.他们在谈论这本书。 talk things through把话说完；充分讨论 You’d better talk things through. I will listen with complete attention. 你最好把话讲完。我会专心听的。 If I had enough time, I would have talked things through. 如果有足够的时间，我会把话说完的。 tear短语归纳 tear out撕下，扯下，拔起；tear up 撕碎，拔起（后一词义同tear out）;tear down撕下，拆毁，tear at撕扯某物；tear sth.open把……撕开；tear sth.to(into)pieces把……撕成碎片。 [应用]完成句子 ①这本书的前几页被人撕掉了。 The first pages of this book were ________ ________by someone. ②很多树被大风拔起了。 Many trees were________ ________by the strong wind. ③她一看完就把信撕碎了。 She _________ _________ the letter the moment she had read it. ④工人们把旧房拆了，在原址建起了新房。 The workmen__________ _________the old house and built a new one in its place. Key:①torn, out ②torn, out(up)③tore, up ④tore, down .tear out撕下，撕掉 He tore some of the papers out of the book.他从书中撕下了几页。 对比：tear up撕碎，撕毁，连根拔起 She tore up the letter. 她把信撕碎了。 The trees were torn up by the hurricane. 树木被飓风连根拔起。 另：tear down拆除（建筑物等） tear sth. in two/half 把……撕成两半 tell A from B →tell difference between A and B. ①Can you tell the difference between the two words?你能辨别这两个单词间的不同吗？ ②It’s hard to tell one twin from the other.双胞胎很难分辨。 the coming…:the next 即将/正在到来的。 ①—Hi,why are you so busy?你好，怎么那么忙？ —Because I’m preparing for the coming examination我正为快要到来的考试做准备 ②We have decided to hold a sports meet during the coming autumn.我们已经决定今年秋季开运动会。 the rest 其余的人或物。可替代可数名词复数或不可数名词。作主语时，谓语动词数的形式应由替代的名词形式决定。 ①These three books are mine.The rest are his .这三本书是我的，其余的是他的。 ②Just give me a glass of the beer ; the rest is yours.给我一杯啤酒就行，其余的归你。 the same (…)as…和/同……一样。same之前总是带定冠词 ①Jenny looks the same as before.詹妮看起来和以前一样。 ②He is the same age as his wife.他和他妻子同龄。 ③I have the same opinion as you(have).我和你意见一致。 The same to you : I wish you the same .希望您也如此。 当听到对方的良好祝愿时，常用此句来作答。 ①— Have a good time.祝你愉快。 —The same to you.祝你愉快。 ②—Merry Christmas and Happy New year. 祝你圣诞快乐、新年幸福。 —The same to you .祝你也快乐、幸福。 但：—Happy birthday to you.祝你生日快乐。—Thank you.谢谢。 如果双方同一天生日，就用The same to you. 句型：the + 形容词或副词比较级，the + 形容词或副词比较级（越……，就越……） ①The more, the better.越多越好。 The more they talked, the more encouraged they felt.他们越说，就越感到鼓舞。 The more he thought about it, the less he liked.他对这个考虑越多，就越不喜欢。 The harder you study, the more progress you’ll make. 越努力学习，你的进步就越大。 There are safety measures to follow while training. 该句意为“训练时必须遵守安全措施”，这句话里应注意两点： ①while training 是从属连词与分词连用，在句子中做时间状语。结构“when/while + -ing 或过去分词短语”的使用条件是： when/while 从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同。如： You should have dropped in on me when staying here. 除了when/while 外，其他的从属连词如if，as if, though, as before,after等，也有这样的用法。如： If heated, ice can be turned into water. ②to follow 是不定式做定语，修饰名词measures,是主动表被动。在There be 句型中，用不定式做的定语时，即就是不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，也常用不定式的主动语态形式。如： There is a lot of work to do. there be句型：①是一种倒装句式，be后的主语要和be在数上保持一致。如： There is a pen, two books and some other things on the table.桌上有一支笔，两本书和一些其他的东西。 ②there be句型有完成式there have(has)been;有将来式there is going to(will)be。 ③there be句型中可加情态动词。如： I am sure there used to be a shop near here.我肯定在这附近以前有家商店。 ④there be句型中有的be,还可以用其他词表示“有、存在”，there live(一般跟人，有……一个人)，there stand(指物，树、高楼之类)，there lie(物，如一片土地等)。如： There stand many tall buildings in our school and there lies a large wheat field in front of it. 我们学校里耸立着许多高楼，校门口是一大片麦田 there is no need… need 在此为不可数名词，意为“需要”、“必须”，使用时应该注意它使用的句式结构，即我们只能说“There is no need for +n./(for sb.)to do ...” 不能说“It is no need (for sb.)to do sth.” There is sth.wrong with...,......出问题了，出毛病了。 相当于sth.is wrong with…. ①—What’s wrong with you?你怎么了？ —There is something wrong with my back.我的背有点毛病。 ②—Is there anything wrong with yous radio?你的收音机出毛病了吗？ —Yes.It doesn’t work.是的，不响了。 think to oneself 该动宾词组意为“心里想”。如： She was thinking to herself how cold the room was. Think aloud意为“自言自语”（=talk to oneself）。如： He stood there with his lips moving as if he talked to himself/thought aloud. think up 想出，想起（办法等） The students try to think up an idea to play football without$being seen. think over熟虑；think out 想出，想透（问题等） think of考虑，认为，想起think about 考虑，想出 think aloud自言自语 Think well/highly/much of 篙度赞扬……；对……赞赏、印象好。 ①All the teachers think well of Yang Pei.所有老师都对杨蓓印象很好。 ②Our work was well thought of.我肎的工作受到了高度评价。 反义词组为：think poorly/little/nothing of this/that kind of… ┉of this/that kind“葩种……” 析：this/that kind of 后常用“单数名词”；而…of this/that kind前常用“复数名词”。即： this/that kind of+单数名词=复数名词+of this/that kind 例：This kind of car is made in China.（单数谓语动词） = Cars of this kind are made in China.（复数谓语动词） throughout; all over; all through 本组词都有“遍及、贯穿”的意思，但所接名词不同。throughout后接表示时间和地点等名词。如： He worked throughout the night and the next day.他工作了整整一夜和第二天一天。 The disease spread throughout the country.这种病蔓延全国。 all over一般接表示地点的名词。如： Just before he was killed, he sent a message to his comrades all over the country.在他被杀害之前，他把信送给了全国各地的同志们。 all through 一般接表示时间的名词。如； The light was burning all through the night.灯彻夜亮着。 throw away抛弃 throw in插进（话语） throw off脱 throw out 抛出，丢弃 throw over把……抛过去（抛回），抛弃（朋友） time 1)表示“时间”，不可数 most of the time 大部分时间;enough time 足够的时间；ahead of time 提前；spare time 抽出时间；spend time 度过时间;take some time 花一些时间；pass time 度过一段时间；waste time 浪费时间；devote time in时间用在某方面；save time 节省时间 2)表示“次数，倍”解，是可数名词，有单复数 three times 三次；how many times 几次；five times as large as…五倍的大小；this time 这一次；last time 上一次；next time 下一次；each/every time 每一次；for the first time 第一次； 3)表示“时代，时报”多用复数形式 in the old times 在古时候；in ancient/modern times 在古代/现代；in one’s time 在某人那个时代；be ahead of one’s time 在时代面前；at the time of 在……时代；New York Times纽约时报 注意：have a good time 过得愉快，have a hard time/have hard times 日子过得艰难 [应用]完成句子 ①每次我去见他，他都忙着工作。 ____ _____ I called on him, he was busy with his work. ②这是我第一次来到北京。 This is ______ ______ _____ _____ I have been to Beijing. ③她那个时候妇女不能上学。 ______ _____ ______ women could not go to school. ④六十年代那里的人们日子过得很艰难。 In the 1960’s the people there_____ _____ _____. Key: ①Each, time ②the, first, time,that ③In, her, time,④had, hard,times to be honest 该固定词组意为“老实说”，是动词不定式结构，与“to tell the truth”同义，它常用来表达某人的期望。如： To be honest, I didn’t go there. too…to结构 一般情况下“too… to ”表示否定意义“太……而不……”。如： His brother is too young to go to school.他弟弟太小还不能上学。 The sentence is too difficult for me to translate.这个句子太难我译不了。 但在以下情况，“too…to ”并不表示否定意义。 （1）当too之后跟的是表示主语的态度、情感、心情或倾向的词时（常见的这类词有glad, eager, anxious, happy, ready, nervous, pleased等）。如： We were too eager to know the result of the exam.我们急于想了解考试结果。 She was too ready to speak.她太多嘴多舌。 He was too anxious to leave.她急于离开。 Sometimes we are too easy to overlook our own faults.有时我们很容易忽略自己的错误。 （2）如果把以上结构中的不定式重复一次，则前一个表示肯定意义而后一个表示否定意义。如： Such a man is too ready to blame others to blame himself.这种人最爱责人而不责己。 （3）如果在“too...to”结构中含有not或never等否定词时，则表示肯定。如：One is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。 English isn’t too diffcult to learn.英语并非难得学不会。（或：英语并不难学。） The girl is too careful not to make any mistakes.这女生很细心不会出错。 Mary is too clever not to believe him.玛丽很聪明不会相信他的。 （4）在too前有only, just, simply, all, but等词时，不定式也表示肯定。如： The foreign visitors are only too glad to have an opportunity to visit the Great Wall .这些外宾非常希望有参观长城的机会。 The boy is only（just/but）too happy to help other students.这位男生特别喜欢帮助别人。 He knows but too well to hold his tongue.他深知少说为佳。 Trick play a trick on sb.= play with sb.捉弄某人，耍弄计谋 He is always playing tricks on others. 他总爱捉弄别人。 Don’t play tricks on me. I want to know the truth. 别耍我，我想知道真相。 troop n./v. （1）n. 一群，大量，许我troops军队，部队 A troop of school children went into the museum. 一大群学生走进了博物馆。 The local people demand the withdrawal（撤退）of foreign troops. 当地的人们要求撤退外国军队。 (2)vi.集合，群集；成群涌向，结队而行 The students trooped up on the sports ground. 学生们在操场上集合。 We all trooped into/out of the hall. 我们成群地进入/走出礼堂。turn构成的短语 turn out 结果是……、变成…… turn against 反戈一击、反对……，对……不满 turn back打退堂鼓，返回 turn down拒绝；把……（音量等）放低，开小 turn in上交某物，交回 turn into变为 turn off关上（收音机、龙头等）；离开（公路等）；对……失去兴趣，反感 turn on开（收音机等），使……感兴趣；吸引；向……进攻；责怪 turn out结果是、最后情况是……，关（电灯、煤气等），生产、造就 turn over移交，随便翻阅 turn to sb.寻救帮助；查阅资料；努力于、加劲干 turn up来赴（宴、开会），出现；把（音量）放大；使作呕。如： ①There was no body that I could turn to. 当时没有一个人能帮助我。 ②Please turn off the TV set. It’s wasting power. 把电视关了吧，太费电啦。 ③Things turned out to be smoothly developing. 事情结果正常发展。 ④Our suggestions were turned down at the meeting. 会议没有采纳我们的建议。 turn当名词用时，意为“轮到某人干……，转折；倾向；作风”等意思。如： She went hot and cold by turns. 她一阵热，一阵冷。 by turns轮流；一阵……，一阵……；out of turn不该谁……干，不合时宜。do sb.a good(bad)turn 帮了某人的忙（倒忙） turn to 其中to为介词。 （1）转向。 He turned to me and said hello to me.他转向我向我问好。 （2）查阅；求助于。 If you are in trouble,please turn to me.如果你有麻烦，请找我。 up 的用法：adv.守全，彻底 Time is up.时间到了 Have you used up you money? 你的钱用完了吗？ 常用短语：eat up吃光；tear up撕掉；use up用光；lock up锁住；burn up烧光；get up起床；up and down上上下下，来来往往。 up until… 该结构意为“一直到……为止”，谓动常用完成时态。如： Up until yesterday two sides had agreed on all the items of this contract. used to ;would; be used to (1)used to 表示“过去惯常”，但“现在不做了”，指过去的习惯或状态，to 为不定式符号，后跟动词原形。有两点须注意： ①否定式。used to do sth.的否定式有两种形式： used not (usedn’t)to do sth. didn’t use to do sth.例如： He didn’t use to (usedn’t to)like country music,but now he is getting interested. ②疑问式。used to do sth.的疑问式也有两种形式。其简短回答中的to通常不予省略，但动词原形常被省略。 Did + sb.(主语)+ use to do sth.? Used + sb.(主语)+ to do sth.? Did he use to play basketball? Used he to play basketball? (2)would(可以)是will的过去式，也可表示习惯动作。 ①would用于过去将来时。 过去将来时的基本形式是：would+动词原形，在英国英语中，主语是第一人称时，would可换做should，第二、三人称用would。 I thought I would make lots of new friends.我曾认为我会交上许多新朋友。 ②would表示过去习惯的动作。 “would + 动词原形”表示过去的习惯动作，与used to 同义，但与used to 有别。Used to do表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，同时隐含有“现在已经有所改变”的意思，而“would+do sth.”可以用来表示“过去经常发生”，但不表示“过去存在的状态”。 She used to say“No pains,no gains”。 她过去常说：“不劳而获”。（used to可以换为would） I used to live in the countryside.我过去住在农村。（此句的used to不可用would换用） （3）be used to具有双重含义： ①be used to是use sth.to do sth的被动形式，意为“被用来干某事”，to为不定式符号。例如:Rice may be used to make wine. ②be used to表示“习惯于……，”be可以换为get或become,表示“开始、变得习惯于……”，to 为介词，其后接名词、代词或动词作宾语。例如： I’m used to English food. very当形容词用时，意思为“正是，恰好是……”如果有定语从句则常用that 引导。如：This is the very book(that)I’m after.这正是我要找的书。 waste It is a waste of time/money to do sth.干……浪费时间（钱） It’s a waste of time to fix this watch. watch over 该短语动词意为“照看”，“保护”，“监视”。如： Will you watch over my clothes while I go shopping. Watch out(for sth.)意为“注意”，“监视”，“当心”。如： The doctor told her to watch out for anything unusual. way(s)后的定语从句 修饰way(s)(方法，方式)的定语从句其关系词可以用in which,that也可省略关系词，但不能直接使用which.如：I feel angry about the way(that)he has treated me./I feel angry about the way in which he has treated me.我对他对待我的方式感到生气。 对比：He found a way that/which led to success.(way在从句中作主语) 他找到了一条通往成功的路。 [应用]单句改错 ①I don’t like the way which you laugh at her. ②They didn’t to the experiment the way in that we do now. key:①在which前加in或改which为that ②改that为which或去掉in welcome 1)welcome sb.warmly/give sb.a warm welcome热烈欢迎某人；have a rather cold welcome 受到冷遇 2)You are welcome to …欢迎光临某地；Welcome to China.欢迎到中国来；You are welcome. 不用谢，别客气（回答感谢）。 [应用]完成句子 ①我们没料到他们会如此热烈地欢迎我们。 We didn’t expect that they_____ us such a warm _____. ②欢迎你们到我们学校来。 You are ____ _____ our school. Key: ①gave, welcome ②welcome,to What about when we leave ? What /How about a drink? What /How about the two of us having a drink? How do you like/find the film? What do you think of it? 征求意见、看法时 What do you think I should do?你认为我该怎么办？ 其中的do you think看作插入语，相当于what should I do,do you think? ①I think Tom is the best student in our class.我认为汤姆是我们班最好的学生。划线Tom 提问则得：Who do you think is the best student in our class?你认为谁是我们最好的学生？ （不能说：Do you think who is the best student in our class?） ②What do you think is going to happen next?你认为下一步要发生什么事。 ③Which way do you think is better?你认为哪个方法较好呢？ Wht is more更重要的，而且 It’s a useful book, and, what is more, not an expensive one. 它是一本有用的书而且不贵。 We invited a new speaker and, what is more, he was happy to come. 我们请了一位新的演讲者而且他很高兴来。 同义短语：moreover, in addition, besides, what’s wore whatever用法小结 whatever 是一种用法较特殊的代词，兼有连接词和关系词的作用，主要有以下三种用法： (1)引导主语从句和宾语从句，意思是“凡是……的事物(=anything that)”. Whatever I have is yours.我所有的东西就是你的。(主语从句) Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford.到邮票销售处去把你能买得起的邮票都买下来。（宾语从句） She would tell him whatever news she got.她会把所听到的任何消息都告诉他。（宾语从句） Talk to me about whatever is troubling you.把任何使你烦恼的事都对我谈谈。（介词宾语从句） whatever在这类从句中可作主语、宾语、定语等。 (2)引导状语从句，多表示让步，意思是“不管什么、无论怎样”。如： Don’t change your plans, whatever happens.无论怎样，你都别改变计划。 Whatever I am, it’s useful to know foreign languages.无论我做什么工作，懂外语总是有用的。 So don’t lose heart, whatever you do。因此无论你做什么，都不要丧失信心。 Whatever the old man was like, most of his scientific work was sound.无论那位老人怎么样，他大部分的科研工作是好的。 You have to go on,whatever difficulties you meet.无论你遇到什么困难，你都必须干下去。 Whatever在这类从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语、定语等。 这类句中的某些成分还可以省略。如： The country is always beautiful whatever the season(is).无论哪个季节，这个国家总是很美。 when conj. (就在)这时、那时。用作并列连词，不能置于句首。 ① I was listening to music when I heard someone knocking at the door. 我正在听音乐，这时听到有人敲门。 ② I’ll call on you tomorrow, when I’ll explain it to you. 明于我去看你，那时我再向你说明那件事情。 when的用法： ①when在本句中，可以相当于if,引导条件状语从句，意为“既然”。如： How can I help them to understand when they won’t listen to me? ②when意为“当……的时候”，“在……时”，引导时间状语从句。 ③when是并列连词（=and then）意为“就在这/那时”，连接两个句子。如：We are about to go to city when it is raining. whenever,“无论什么时候”，既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句，whoever,whichever,whatever,wherever,however等也同样。 “no matter when”只能引导让步状语从句，no matter what(who,where,which,when,how) 也同样。 ①Whoever leaves the room last must close the door. ②Whoever came here,he will be welcomed. whisper whisper可用作名词或动词，意为“低语，私语”。如：whisper to sb.对某人耳语；whisper about sth./sb.小声议论某事/人；whisper sth. to sb.低声告诉某人某事；in a whisper低声地；It’s whishpered that…私下说……。 对比：say to sb.对某人说；speak to sb.和某人说话；talk to sb.和某人说话；explain to sb.对某人解释说；lie to sb.对某人撒谎说。 [应用]完成句子 ①老师低声给孩子们讲了个故事。 The teacher_________ a story to the children./The teacher told the children a story ___________ ____________ _____________. ②有人私下说史密斯先生的生意在衰败。 ________ _________ _________ that Mr Smith’s business is falling. Key:①Whispered/in,a, whisper ②It,is, whispered with就……来说。 The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth air.从地球上观察太空存在一个问题，这就是地球的大气中有着大量的尘埃。 ①With many of the poor, hunger is a constant problem.食不果腹是许多穷人经常存在的问题。 ②The problem with these men was that they had no knowledge.这些人的主要问题是他们没有知识。 with fear 该介词短语意为“由于害怕”，with + n.有时用来表示原因，其中的n.常是表示情感的名词。 如：Her face turned pale with fear. word 短语归纳 ①would like a word with sb.想和某人说句话； have a word with sb.与某人说句话； get in a word /get a word in 插话； in a (one)word总之，一句话。 ②keep one’s word信守诺言，break one’s word失信；translate sth. word for word 逐字翻译；have/get word(that)…有消息说，获得消息，听说；Word has come/came that…传来消息说……； ③have a few words with sb.和某人说几句话；have words(with sb.)争吵，争论；in words 用言语；with words口头上，in other words/in another word换句话说;match words with deeds言行一致；waster one’s words白费口舌；the last words临终遗言；sharp words苛刻的话；soft words甜言蜜语 ④[应用]完成句子 ①传来消息说中国女子足球队获亚军。 _______ ________ _______the Chinese Women Football Team had won second place. ②我听说他们昨晚相互争吵起来。 I________ _________ that they_________ _________with each other last night. work on/ work at work on与work at可通用，表示“忙于……”。但在work on sth.中，sth是work的具体对象；而在work at sth.中，sth. 只说明所从事工作的性质，即时间、精力用在某一方面的事情上，而不在于说明正在做什么。如： He is working on/ at a novel.他正在专心写一部小说。 They have worked at this subject for many years.他们从事这项课题的研究已经好多年了。 Bob worked hard on organizing other singers to sing for him for free.鲍勃积极地组织其他歌唱家为他义务演唱。 work out算出；解决。 ①Can you work out how much money it will need?你能算出需多少钱吗？ ②I’ve worked out the problem.我已解决了这个问题。 8.take sides(in)袒护；站在……一边。 ①They took the side of their child.他们袒护自己的孩子。 ②She has taken sides in the quarrel.她参与了争吵。 Worth be worth doing = be(well)worthy of being done / to be done(很)值得做 The city is worth visiting.这个城市值得参观。 (= The city is worthy of being visited. = The city is worthy to be visited.) worth; worthy 两者均是形容词，意思是“值得……的”，用法如下： （1）worthy可以作定语，worth不能。例如： a worthy rival值得较量的对手 （2）worth后面直接跟名词（多为表示钱或代价的名词），其作用相当于介词；worthy后面接名词时须与of连用（一般不接表示钱的名词）。例如：This second-hand book is worth 100 dollars.这本旧书值100美元。 His deed is worthy of praise.他的事迹值得赞扬。 （3）worth后面可直接跟动名词的主动结构；worthy后接动名词的被动结构，且须与of连用，worthy后也可接不定式的被动式。例如： This book is worth reading./ This book is worthy of being read./ This book is worthy to be read.这本书值得一读。 The city is worth visiting./The city is worthy to be visited./ The city is worthy of being visited. （4）表示“很值得”，通常用well修饰，而不用very。例如： The film is well worth seeing.这部电影很值得一看。 would like 想要；愿意；希望。用来表示愿望，常用结构： （1）would like sth. Would you like some beer?想喝点啤酒吗？ （2）would like to do sth.愿意、想要做某事。 第一人称作主语时也可用should，用常用缩写形式。 ①He’d like to go there but he is too busy.他想到那里去，但太忙了。 ②I would/should like to study medicine and become a doctor.我想学医当医生。 注意：回答时常用省略形式。 —Would you like to drink some beer? 想喝点啤酒吗？ —Yes ,I’d like to .好吧，喝点。 (3)would like sb.to do sth.想要、希望别人做某事。并不是主语做。 ①I would like her to stay in the company.我希望她留在公司里。 ②I’d like you to lend some money to him.我想要你借点钱给他。 would like; should like (1)两个短语均指“想要……”，与want同义，但would(should)like的语气较want婉转或客气。 (2)would like 可用于各种人称；而should like则主要用于第一人称。例如： He would(不用should)like to be a doctor.他希望当大夫。 We would(不用should)like to hear your views about it.我们想听听你对这个问题的看法。 (3)在疑问句中常用would like,而不用should like。例如： What would you like for breakfast?你早饭想吃什么？ (4)这两个短语常常简略为’d like,后面可接名词、代词或动词不定式，不接动名词。例如： Would you like to leave a message?你要不要留话？ 误：Would you like leaving a message? (5)在省略回答中，would like to 中的to 不可省略，只省略to后面的词语（但be 除外）。例如： ①—Would you like to join us tonigh? —Oh, I’d like to (join you),but I have a friend to see off at the station. ②—Would you like to be a singer? —Yes,I’d like to be (a singer). would say总是会说…… would有过去、常常……之意，但它与used to 的用法不相同的。 ①表示过去持续的状态或感情总是used to 而不是would。因此,would不与表示状态的动词连用。 There used to be a hospital/here.(√) 这里过去有一所医院。 There would be…(×) ②used to 和would都可以表示过去规则的行为，但通常would是在过去不大规则的行为时，或主语的关心、感慨等主观因素较强时使用，而used to 则在客观地陈述相当期间的规则行为时使用。 “I’ll leave this job for a better one”,he would say when he was scolded by his boss. ③“would”常与“often,sometimes,for hours”等表示时间的副词（短语）连用。 ④与现在或将来比较而表示“以前经常……”的意思时，用used to。 He will not have the money to spend on books as he used to. “喜欢”的表示方法 英语中，表示“喜欢”的动词或词组有若干个，它们的语气强弱不同，有重有轻，意思也不完全一样，下面分别举例说明： (1)love 意为“热爱”，指引起深厚的、强烈的感情的爱，并有一种依附意，语气最重。如： His mother,whom he loved deeply,died when he was only a small boy.他深深爱戴着他的母亲，当他小的时候，她与世长辞了。 I love doing comedies .我喜欢演喜剧。 (2)be fond of 表示“喜欢”“热爱”，也表示对某人或某事有感情，语气次于“love”。如： Ants are fond of sweet food.蚂蚁喜欢吃甜食。 I’m fond of this child.我喜欢这个小孩。 (3)care for意为“喜欢、对……有兴趣”。如： The girl cares much for new clothes.这个女孩很喜欢新衣服。 They do not care very greatly for art.他们对艺术不是很感兴趣。 (4)like意为“喜欢”，指不反感，但不引起强烈的感情和迫切的愿意，反义词为dislike.如： Do you like reading?你喜欢阅读吗？ I like to read in bed.我喜欢在床上看书。 (5)enjoy意为“欣赏”“喜欢”，具有满足感，如： I enjoy foreign music.我喜欢外国音乐。 Most students enjoy asking questions in English.大部分学生喜欢用英语问问题。 (6)go in for“喜欢（做某类事）、有某种习惯或做法”。如： What sports do you go in for?你喜欢哪些体育运动？ We don’t go in for that sort of thing.我们不喜欢那种事情。 形容词、副词各等级的修饰语 1）修饰原级的词：very,so,too,quite,rather,fairly,pretty. 2)修饰比较级的词：a little,a bit,slightly,any,much,a lot,a great deal,far,by far,rather,even,still,yet等。 3）修饰最高级的词：by far,much,almost,the second等。 注意：基数词、分数、百分数也可修饰比较等级。 [应用]完成句子 ①恐怕箱子对你来说太重了，不过还是要谢谢你。 I’m afraid the box is___heavy___you,but thank you all the same.(MET’90) ②我的房间比你们的稍大一点。 Our room is ____ ____ than theirs. ③我比你早到三个小时。 I came here______ _____ _____ than you. ④黄河是中国第二长河。 The Yellow River is_____ _____ _____river in China. Key：①too,for ②slightly,bigger ③three,hours,earlier④the,second,longest year by year/year after year 形容词+with be pleased with sb./sth.对……满意；be satisfied with 对……满意；be busy with sth.忙于某事；be careful with 对……注意、细心；be connected with与……有联系；be lined with 排列，站队；be patient with sb.对某人有耐心；be popular with受欢迎；be strict with sb.对某人严格要求；be wrong with 出毛病，不顺心；be disappointed with对……失望；be angry with sb.生某人的气 [应用]完成句子 ①作为一名老师你应该对学生有耐心。 As a teacher you should_______ _______ ______ your students. ②每条路旁都栽上了树。 Every road ______ ______ _____ trees. ③我们老师对工作认真，对学生也很严格。 Our teacher is not only strict _________ his work but also________his students. ④夫妻都忙于工作，因而无暇顾及孩子。 Both husband and wife _______ ______ ______their work,so they have no time to care for the child. Key: ①be, patient,with ②is, lined,with ③in, with ④are,busy,with 向别人提建议时常用的句型。 ①Why don’t you do sth.……？你怎不……？ ②Why not do sth.？（上句的省略）为什么不……？ ③You’d better do sth.你最好是……。 例如： ①Why don’t you ask them to help you?你怎么不叫他们帮助你呢？ ②Why not/don’t you go for a walk with them?为什么不和他们一块去散步呢？ ③You’d better go to see a doctor this afternoon.你最好下午去看医生。 year by year(=every year)强调逐步转变的过程，“逐年（变化）”。 They liked the cold wet weather there and their number increased year by year.糜鹿喜欢那里凉爽湿润的气候，因此它们的数量逐年增长。 The population increasing year by year.人口年复一年在增长。 Year after year(=for years)强调“逐年不断、重复，年年（重复）”。 Don’t plant the same crop in the same field year after year.不要年年都在同一块地里种同一种植物。 疑问词 +不定式 what ,how, when,where,whether,which等疑问词 + 不定式构成的短语相当于名词从句，多用在ask,decide,know, tell, explain, find out, consider, wonder后作宾语，可以改换成相应意义的宾语从句对比: ①Please show us how to use it./Please show us how we will use it. 请为我们示范一下如何使用。 ②We don’t know whether to accept his invitation./We don’t know whether we should accept his invitation. 我们不知道是否应该接受他的邀请。 [应用]填空 ①There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind______ to buy.(MET’92) A what B.which C.how D.where ②Last summer I took a course on _______.(MET’90) A.how to make dresses B．how dresses be made C.how to be made dresses D.how dresses to be made Key:①B ②A “一……就……”英语表达法 On his arrival he was sold to farmer and worked in the fields.他一到就被卖给一个农场主，开始在田里劳动。 The moment he reached the country,he started his search.他一到那个国家，就开始寻找。 以上例句中的On his arrival和The moment均含“一……就……”“刚……就……”之意。下面就该意义的四种表达方式予以归纳。 （1）as soon as 归纳： ①as soon as 引出的时间状语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，表示它所指的动作发生在另一分句所指的动作之前。 ②as soon as 可以与动词的一般现在时，一般过去时或完成时态连用，主句的动词使用相应的动词现在时，过去时或将来时。如： He started as soon as he received the news. 他一得到消息就出发了。 As soon as he had got into the car, I said“good morning”to him in French and he replied in the same language. 他一上车，我就用法语向他道了声早安，他也用法语作了回答。 （2）hardly/scarcely/barely…when/before…no sooner…than…归纳： ①注意搭配关系；hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner不可以放在when/before和than之后。 ②hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner否定词位于句首时，句中的主语和谓语必须部分倒装。 ③hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner引导的是主句，表示它的动作发生在从句之前，故常用过去完成时；而when/before和than引导的从句只能与一般过去时连用。 ④该句型含“惊奇”之意。如： Mrs Winthrop had no sooner left the room than they began to gossip about her.温思罗太太刚离开房间，他们就议论起她来了。 Scarcely/Hardly/Barely had he begun to speak when I sensed that he was in trouble. 他刚一开口，我就感到他遇到麻烦事了。 No sooner had we set out than a thunderstorm broke.我们一动身就遇上了大雷雨。 （3）the moment/the instant归纳： 名词短语the moment/instant/minute/second和副词immediately/ directly可以用做连词，相当于as soon as,引导的是时间状语从句；从句既可放在句首，也可放在句中。如： The moment I saw him, I knew that there was no hope.一见到他，我就知道没希望了。 The instant you leave this tent, you will get a big surprise. 你一出账篷，便会大吃一惊。 We will leave the minute you’re ready.你一准备好，我们就走。 She returned immediately she heard the bad news.她一听到这个坏消息，就返了回来。 I left directly the clock struck twelve.钟一敲十二点我就离开了。 （4）on + 动名词（或表示动作的名词）归纳： 动名词（或名词）结构表示它所表达的动作刚一发生或完成，句子谓语所表示的动作就接着发生。它相当于as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。如： On arriving in England, they were taken to the Grystal Palace by train.他们一到英国便乘火车去水晶宫。 On his return from Europe, he set to work in earnest.他一从欧洲回来，便开始认真工作。 He was greeted by the Prime Minister on his arrival at the airport.他一到机场，便受到总理的欢迎。 另外，each time, every time如同上面四种类型一样，可直接用作从属连词，引导状语从句。如： Every time I listen to his advice, I get into trouble. 我每次听了他的劝告，都会遇到麻烦。 I’ll think of my hometown each time I listen to that song.我每次听这首歌，都会想起家乡。 引导从句的词常有：when/while/whenever/before/after/until/till/和if/unless/though,但简化必须符合下面两个条件。 （1）当从句与主句主语一致，且从句谓语有be的某种形式时，常可以把从句的主语及be省略掉。 ①Be careful when(you are) crossing the street 过马路的时候要小心。 ②While (he was)walking along the sands.Crusoe saw some footprints in the sand.克鲁索沿沙滩走着的时候，看到沙子上有些脚印。 ③I won’t go to her party unless(I am) invited.要是不受到邀请，我就不去参加她的宴会。 ④He knows many things though(he is)very young.他年龄不大，但知道的事不少。 （2）当从句为it is + adj.时，也常将it is省略掉。 ①When (it is)possible,I’ll go to Beijing to see you.可能的时候，我将去北京看你。 ②If (it is)necessary, I’ll come tomorrow.必要的话，明天我就来。 只能接动名词作宾语的词 1）动词：admit,advise,consider,delay,enjoy,excuse,escape, finish, forbid, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, suggest, unders- tand 2)词组:insist on, think of, give up, dream of, hear of,depend on,feel like,devote to, be used to,can’t help,prevent… from,look forward to, put off, be worth [应用]选择正确答案 ①The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ________. A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch ②Only one of these books is _________. A.worth to read B.worth being read C.worth of reading D.worth reading ③I really enjoy ________ that kind of job. A.do B.doing C.to do D.to be doing ④“What are you going to do this morning?” “I’m thinking of _______ to visit my aunt.” A.go B.going C.having gone D.my going Key:①C ②D ③B ④B 只能接不定式作宾语的动词 下列动词只能接不定式作宾语，不能接动名词： agree,ask,choose, decide, demand,expect, hope,learn,long, manage,offer,plan,promise, pretend, refuse,wish,set out, determine, would love. [应用]选择正确答案 ①We agree _______ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. (MET’95) A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met ②She pretended __________ me when I passed by.(MET’89) A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen ③Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this even- ing.(met’92) A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking Key:①C ②A ③A |
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